Thursday, October 31, 2019

MONOPOLIES AND CARTELS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MONOPOLIES AND CARTELS - Research Paper Example The effect of this to all industry players and stakeholders is that competition has arisen and become very keen. Today, it takes only a company with improved strategic plan and implantation policy to survive and succeed as a first force In the midst of competition, the only way to survive and be successful is to follow a set od economic principles that makes you stand out among your competitors. In this regard, it could be seen that the companies that have succeeded in the airline industry since the deregulation of the industry have devised the creation of competitive advantages over their competitors to succeed. Indeed through the creation of competitive advantage, successful companies have critically studies and researched into the weaknesses of their competitors and built on those weaknesses to create major strengths for themselves (quote). This way, they successful companies offer to customers and clients, services that the customers and clients look for in the conduct of their daily business that have been missing. Consequently, they become the preferred choice because they are what the customers desire to patronize. A typical example can be given using the customer satisfaction as a competitive advantage. Mos t successful companies have come to realize that running an airline is not just about offering cheap prices for services and products but making customers feel comfortable and satisfactorily treated. To this end, they embark on a strategic customer satisfaction principle to ensure that they become the preferred options for customers who want satisfied services. Clearly, companies that been struggling have refused to employ basic principles of research and development, commonly referred to as R&D. With a highly competitive industry that is virtually free of all forms of monopoly today, it would take only an intensive research and development policy by failing companies to

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

How a project different from operations work Essay Example for Free

How a project different from operations work Essay A project is very different from an operation work. In fact, projects and operations comprise the only two aspects of work existing in any organization. Of course, depending on the size and the needs of the organization, projects may or may not be part of existing programs or portfolios- both of them can be broken into several projects (PMI, 2013). Projects and operations are different in various ways. Here I list some of them in contrast: initiation, duration, operation process and budget. 1. Initiation. Projects are initiated by organizations for a variety of reasons, such as to meet a business need, attain a strategic objective or meet a market demand. Projects are created under specific needs. While operations work are to make sure the organization run smoothly, effectively, and professionally. Operations consist of all the activities that contribute directly to an organizations main areas of work (Wetfeet, 2012). Consider a clothing manufactory, which manufactures and sells clothing in its own stores. Operations would include everything from the manufacturing of clothing, to the shipment of that clothing to its retail stores, to the systems the company uses to track clothing thats sold at regular prices, at sale prices, returned by the customer, and so on. It would also include the fulfillment of orders placed on the companys website, and the customer service staff that helps customers with problems, complaints, or other issues. However, if the company has decided to produce a series of special clothing for this year’s Christmas, which will be sold only during the Christmas season, this initiative has become a project. 2. Duration. Projects are temporary in nature with a definite start and end. A project will end when it reaches its goal, or is terminated for various reasons (eg. the organization has changed the goal of the project, or the goal is not achievable†¦etc.), while operations start and end with the establishment and the closing of the company. It is also notable that a project can last for years or months and the effect and impact can last even longer far beyond the end of the project. 3. Operation process. Each project is aimed to create a unique outcome- a product, service or result. The operation process might be very different from one project to another, and the expertise involved can also be very distinctive. For instance, the operation process of a construction project is very different from an agriculture project, and the specific knowledge required will also be different.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Geography of Environmental Injustice and Health Inequalities

Geography of Environmental Injustice and Health Inequalities Geography of Environmental Injustice and Health Inequalities in the Nigeria Abstract The unfair distribution of toxic wastes and other acute and chronic health hazards on vulnerable populations, which have contributed to negative health inequalities in less developing nations, such as been observed in Nigeria is term as global health inequalities. The link between environmental injustices, risks, and health inequalities has not been well established in Nigeria, in understanding its impact on futures health outcomes. The issue of environmental injustices and health inequalities is treated as a distinct issue from the problems associated with health, well-being and environmental sustainability. This research aims to understand health outcomes and its associated future health burden taken into consideration in the link between pursuing environmental injustice, and health inequalities in the oil producing region of Nigeria. Ultimately, examine the conceptual issues relating to environmental injustices, health inequalities, and non-communicable diseases that challenges the development of better future health outcomes programmes and planning for environmental justices in Nigeria. Introduction Global Environmental Injustices, is the unfair circulation of toxic wastes and other acute and chronic health hazards on vulnerable populations, which have contributed to negative health inequalities in less developing nations, such as been observed in Nigeria (Schroeder et al., 2008: 551; Roberts, 2007: 286; Adeola, 2000: 686, 2001:45) has been observed in Nigeria for over 50 years due to the exploration of crude oil. According to Roberts (1985), the industrialization of any region is greatly influenced by the presence of rich mineral deposits, resulting in the heavy industrialisation of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The Niger Delta region is the location for most of the oil exploration activities in Nigeria, resulting in many people and companies attraction to the area. The migration flow and influence of the various companies has adverse impact on health outcomes. In addition, environmental risks such as oil spillage, gas flaring, and other wastes resulting from oil production polluting the environment could affect health and well-being on the residing communities (Nabofa, 2011). Another major cause for concern is the cumulative effect of the crude oil contents on the health and wellbeing of the people over a long period of time (Khursid et al., 2008). Ajayi et al., (2009), revealed in a study carried out on natural radioactivity and trace elements in crude oils implications for health, that Niger Delta oil, although, has low metallic contents; however, the cumulative effects of the radioactivity and metallic properties on health outcomes is alarming. Therefore, communities in the oil producing areas live with a lot of externally generated factors; resulting from additional pressure to highly stressful ways of living, leading to specific risk related non-communicable diseases (NCDs), for instance skin cancer and psychological disorders (Ilo, 1998; Loewenson, 1998; Kathari and Nababasing, 1996; Fuentes et al., 1994). According to Ana et al. (2010), It is apparent that populations living in highly industrialized communities such as Port Harcourt with higher environmental risk factors may be more vulnerable to pollution-related morbidities including a higher predisposition to cancers of the lung, skin. and eye. It is thus, apparent, that the major driver of environmental injustices is the activities of Multinational/Transnational Corporation engaged in the oil business. As the major revenue generation for the country, oil production had been followed by countless environmental problems, associated with other broad inequalities in livelihood, wealth, well-being, poverty; interactions and inequalities in the distribution of burden and responsibilities of the health outcomes. Statement of Problem Literature on environmental justice have emphasised that there is growing concern about the health outcomes associated with intensive oil and gas activities in many communities (Palinkas, et al.,1993) as well as concentration of these occurrences in poor communities (Gill, et al.,2011). The link between environmental injustices, risks, and health inequalities has been established internationally but in Nigeria, this link has not been established in understanding its impact on health outcomes. The issue of environmental injustices and health inequalities is treated as a distinct issue from the problems associated with health, well-being and environmental sustainability. Are the questions of health outcomes and its associated future health burden actually taken into consideration the link between environmental injustice, and health inequalities? Can Nigeria (Government, Multinational companies, and the communities) especially the oil producing region achieve health equity without promoting environmental justice and empowerment of the vulnerable population as a result of the burden of NCDs? These questions will be examined with conceptual issues relating to environmental injustices, health inequalities, and NCDs that challenges the method of developing better future health outcomes programmes and planning for environmental justices in Nigeria. Objective of the Study According to Pearce et al., (2010), One potential driver for the increasing geographical differences in health is the disparity in exposure to key characteristics of the physical environment that are either health promoting or health damaging. Thus, the objectives of the study are: to examine linkages between environmental injustices, health inequalities and health outcome; to study and understand the reasons for the prevalence increase in health inequalities and the consequences on the future especially in the Niger Delta region; to clarify conceptual issues relating to environmental justice and inequalities as it relates to Nigeria and to evaluate what considerable impact establishing the link will have on the goal of environmental justices. Justification of study The politics of oil in the Niger Delta region have promoted the lack of transparency and accountability throughout the region. There are inadequate environmental assessments on the impact of the oil industry on the health of the people. While NCDs rates of causing respiratory ailments, and other illnesses are increasing, the government do not want to fully acknowledge their contribution to these health outcomes. It is imperative to undertake a conceptual clarification of what environmental justice and health inequalities mean in the context of the oil producing communities in Nigeria within the theoretical framework of justice theory, and health inequalities. This will lead to a more imperatively comprehensive spatial distribution studies with a multi-disciplinary approach to identify health consequences within the oilÂÂ   and non-oil producing regions (Ogri, 2001: 20; Dung et al., 2008; Ana et al., 2009) so as to properly assess environmental health disparities through the use of Geospatial techniques. The research will contribute to literatures on the global environmental injustices and health inequalities and the growing need for environmental justices. In addition, understanding these linkages would assist regulators and operators in the oil producing regions to address questions of social and environmental justice; through suitable allocation of scarce resources for rapid response, distribution of cost and benefit and promote community level participation for sustainable development and better health outcome and well beings Time scale Schedule The first year will be devoted to the review of relevant literature, proposal writing, and fulfilling additional training requirements. Included in the first year is the initial generated data period (initial generated data period for the literature review and data collection). The second year will be for the actual fieldwork and the analysis of the data; the first six months will be used for data collection and the next six months for data analysis. The third will be devoted to writing up of the thesis. Methodology Study area The Niger Delta region of Nigeria, consist of 37 million inhabitants, constituting about 22% of Nigerias population (Aaron, 2005), with a population density of 265 per square km. it is made up of nine states with more than 1500 communities hosting several oil and gas companies. The oil and gas resources of the Niger Delta accounts for over 85% of Nigerias gross domestic product (GDP), over 95% of the national budget, and over 80% of the nations wealth (Forest, and Sousa, 2006). The region is home to the oil wealth that made Nigeria the highest producer of petroleum in Africa, and the sixth in the world (Yakubu, 2008). Methods Spatial clustering methods and Quantitative risk assessment methods will be used to explain the first and second objectives of this research. Spatial clustering methods will be used to make sense of the complex geographic pattern between the environmental risk and health records in this research. Knowing whether this pattern and cluster exist and where they are located will provide important information for policy formulation and health research (Cromley and McLafferty, 2002; Croner et al., 1992). To avoid the bias of latency and migration, that can present itself in the cause of the research, only information on long term residents in the communities will be used. The spatial distribution of environmental risks will be used to provide a means for determining communities likely to become susceptible to health inequalities and NCDs. For this assessment, communities in the area were treated as substitute for human population and settlement while land, vegetation and rivers were considered the medium of land use. The thiessen polygon will be developed in ArcGIS environment to demarcate boundaries of the communities (because there are no community boundary shapefiles available) and determine the number/different environmental risk sites in each thiessen polygon that represents a community. Quantitative risk assessment will be used to characterise the effects expected from the exposure to an environmental risk, estimating the probability of occurrence of health effects, while estimating the number of occurrence in the population and recommending acceptable concentration of the risk in the air, water or food (Hallenbeck, 1993) Overlaying cluster maps with other spatial maps will provide clues about the cause of disease, while identifying variations in health outcomes linked to differences in the physical and social environment. Clarification of conceptual issues, (the 3rd objective) will be achieved by discussing the results of the analysis carried out within the study and existing studies on environmental injustice and health inequalities to provide justification for the research. Data and Source Secondary data will be collected from published government statistics from the states that make up the sample communities such as maps, etc. Data were also collected from relevant government agencies such as the health board and teaching hospitals information, and local government and chieftaincy affairs. The data will majorly focus on the use of some selected indicators of development vital for health well-being and basic amenities needed to support effective living. The local government areas will serve as aerial units of analysis while the choices of socio-economic indices will be based on the appropriateness of the variables and the availability of the data covering all the LGAs in the study region. The selected indicators that cut across health include number of NCDs, hospitals; doctors; midwives; hospital beds/ 000 populations (2014 census). In addition, GPS data of all environmental risks sites from 1985-2015, will be acquired from the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) in Nigeria (DPR, is the regulatory agency of oil and gas activities in Nigeria). The data were used to assess the environmental risks spatiotemporal distribution and determine exposure susceptibility in the areas. The datasets will contain information on geo-coordinates of individual risk sites, date of occurrence, date of survey and quantity of discharge. Analysis Spatial Analysis description for Average Nearest Neighbour Analysis, Getis-Ord General G tests for High and Low Cluster, and Cluster and Outlier Analysis will be performedin the study (see Appendix A). These spatial analyses were undertaken to measure the spatial pattern and relationship between risk that are spread over a given geographical region (Ebdon, 1985). It helps in assessing and determining the closeness and patterns of the environmental risks sites near settlements. The methods with generate geographical distribution, cluster and pattern analysis of environmental risk and spatio-temporal nature of the incidents. To examine the degree of deprivation among the local government areas in health variables, the Gini index descriptive statistical technique of date analysis was used. The Gini index of concentration examines the extent of concentration of each of the indicators among the local government areas. The Gini Coefficient ranges from zero to one, (0-1) with zero representing perfect equality, and 1 total inequality Intellectual and User Benefits The intellectual contribution of the study will be to enhance the understanding of the effects of socio-economic and cultural characteristics upon the spatial pattern of environmental injustice and health inequalities. The benefits of this research are a direct contribution to developing policy on health management strategy and planning for equality, environmental policy and its applications especially within vulnerable populations. For the researcher, there will be the academic benefits of doctoral research and training in health geography and the development of expertise in research methodology techniques. By working closely with interested parties, the researcher will gain insights into the relationships between academic research and the needs of users. Ethical considerations Full consent will be provided to all research participants with the full research disclosure and confidentiality according to the ethnical research procedure of the University of Edinburgh. Summary and conclusions As the major revenue generation for the country, oil production had been followed by countless environmental problems, associated with other broad inequalities in livelihood, wealth, well-being, poverty; interactions and inequalities in the distribution of burden and responsibilities of the health outcomes. The research aims to undertake a conceptual clarification of what environmental justice and health inequalities mean in the context of the oil producing communities in Nigeria within the theoretical framework of justice theory, and health inequalities. Leading to a more imperatively comprehensive spatial distribution studies with a multi-disciplinary approach to identify health consequences from the oil industry versus non-oil producing areas. Thus, properly assess environmental health disparities through the use of Geospatial techniques. The research will contribute to literatures on the global environmental injustices and health inequalities and the growing need for environmenta l justices. About me Right from my secondary school, Geography had been an extremely interesting field of study to me because of the vast range of topics involved and how it relates to every subject in one way or another, for instance, Health Geography and Public Health. Geography is the study of the world, and geographers proudly holds the keys to the worlds problems. These problems extend to, injustice, health, eco-systems, development, globalisation and natural disasters, all of which are areas which attract me. Geography has been essential for interpreting and solving the concerns of the world, and by furthering my geographical knowledge through the PhD studentship, it will enhance my ability to tackle the imminent problems relating to environmental injustice, crime, pollution. I have a particular interest in the human side of Geography and especially the topics of: health, medical, hazards and the environment. My interest in the PhD research which will covers processes functioning in time as well as space, linking health over the life course with processes of environmental change, human migration, human relations and length of exposures to different environmental risk factors. I am keen to explore the various spatial questions of how and why human health/environmental injustices varies from one area to another at the rate of population increase. I will be interested in examining how individual health- related practices and health outcomes relate to mans varying experience of physical and social environments and injustice. Dissemination The research outcome will be communicating with colleagues and your supervisors as well as with the wider community and, the funding body supporting your research. The dissemination activities include internal seminars, publications, conference presentations and exhibitions. References Aaron, K. (2005) Perspective: Big Oil, Rural Poverty, and Environmental Degradation in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 11, 127-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.18178 Adeola, F. (2000). Cross-National Environmental Injustice and Human Rights Issues: A Review of Evidence in the Developing World. American Behavioral Scientist, (43), 686-705. Adeola, F. (2001). Environmental Injustices and Human Rights Abuse: The States, MNCs, and Repression of Minority Groups in the World System. Human Ecology Review, 8(1), 39-59. Ajayi, T., Torto, N., Tchokossa, P., and Akinlua, A. (2009). Natural Radioactivity and Trace Elements in Crude Oils: Implication for health. Environ. Geochem. Health 31(1):61-69. Ana, G., Sridhar, M., and Asuzu, M. (2010) Environmental risk factors and hospital-based cancers in two Nigerian cities. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology Vol. 2(8), pp. 216-223. Ana, G., Sridhar, M., and Bamgboye, E. (2009). Environmental risk factors and health outcomes in selected communities of the Niger Delta area, Nigeria. Perspectives in Public Health, 129(4), 183-191. Cromley, E and McLafferty, S (2002). GIS and Public Health, Guilford Press. Croner, C., Pickle, L., wolf, D., and White, A. 1992. A GIS approach to hypothesis generation in epidemiology. In A. W Voss (Ed.), ASPRS/ACSM techinal papers, Vol 3. GIS and cartography (pp. 275-283). Washington, DC: ASPRS/ACSM DOI: 10.5897/JTEHS12.056 Dung, E., Bombom, L.; Agusomu, T. (2008). The effects of gas flaring on crops in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. GeoJournal, 73, 297-305. Ebdon, D. (1985) Statistics in Geography. 2nd Edition, Blackwell Publishing, Hoboken. Forest, J., and Sousa, M. (2006) Oil and Terrorism in the New Gulf: Framing U.S. Energy and Security Policies for the Gulf of Guinea. Lexington Books. Fuentes, A., Ehenreich, B., and Boston, M. (1994). Women in the Global Factory. Philadelphia: South End Press. Gill, D., Picou, J., and Ritchie, L. (2011) The Exxon Valdez and BP Oil Spills: A Comparison of Initial Social and Psychological Impacts. American Behavioral Scientist, 56, 3-23. Hallenbeck, W (1993). Quantitative risk assessment for environmental and occupational health (2nd ed.). Boca Raton. FL: Lewis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.150.10.1517 Ikporukpo, C. (2004). Petroleum, Fiscal Federalism and Environmental Justice in Nigeria. Space and Polity, 8(3), 321-354. International Labour Organization ILO (1998). Economic and Social Effects of Multinational Enterprises in Export Processing Zones. Geneva: ILO Kathari. U., Nababsing, V. (1996). Gender and Industrialization. Port Louis, Mauritius: Editous de I Ocean Indeen. Khursid, R., Sheikk, M., and Igbal, S. (2008). Health of People Working/Living in the Viccinity of an Oil-polluted beach, near Karachi, Pakistan. East Mediterr. Health J. 14(1):179-82. Loewenson R 1998. Assessment of the health impact on occupational risk in Africa. Current situation and methodological Issues. Epidemiology, 10(5): 632-639. Nabofa, O., and Suoke Onohwosafe, P. (2011) The Need for Environmental Epidemiological Studies in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria, Ethno Med, 5(3): 201-204 Odigie, O. (2012) Environmental Justice and Poverty Alleviation: Roadmap to Sustainable Development in Nigeria NIALS Journal of Law and Public Policy Vol. 1 NJLPP, pp. 152-180. Ogri, O.O. (2001). A review of the Nigerian petroleum industry and the associated environmental problems. The Environmentalist, 21, 11-21. Palinkas, L., Petterson, J., Russell, J. and Downs, M. (1993) Community Patterns of Psychiatric Disorders after the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1517-1523. Pearce, J., Richardson, E., Mitchell, R., and Shortt, N. (2010). Environmental justice and health: the implications of the socio-spatial distribution of multiple environmental deprivation for health inequalities in the United Kingdom. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 35(4), 522-539. Roberts (1985). Biology: A Functional Approach. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd. Roberts, T. (2007). Globalizing Environmental Justice. Environmental Justice and Environmentalism: The Social Justice Challenge to the Environmental Movement, 285-321. Salako, A., Sholeye, O and Ayankoya, S. (2012) Oil spills and community health: Implications for resource limited settings. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Vol. 4(9), pp. 145-150. Schroeder, R., St. Martin, K., Wilson, B., and Sen, D. (2008). Third World Environmental Justice. Society for Natural Resources, 21, 547-555. Yakubu, L. (2008) Nigeria Loses N5.8b Daily to Gas Flaring. The Guardian, 5th August Appendix A Average Nearest Neighbour: Getis-Ord Genral G Test: Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis (Global Morans I): Outlier Analysis:

Friday, October 25, 2019

Black Water Essay -- Creative Writing

Submerged in water, it was the fourth of July on Grayling Island, the Senator's rented Toyota whistling tunes of the Beatles, topics of debate: the Vietnam War, Dukakis, skidded off the road. Lizzie, "Kelly" they are not the same, she can't die like this, no not now. She was someone's little girl, not a bad girl, she wasn't a bad girl, she told her mother she wasn't don't mention G____, was she ready? Her white anklet socks flew into the air as massive male hands, Grandpa's hands, swept her off her feet saving her from the black waters rushing in, they didn't have to know, they wouldn't have to tell Grandma, Grandpa was spared, he died several years before. Kelly wrote a paper on the senator, her senior thesis, she grabbed on to his leg, his shoe, "oh how Buffy would laugh, his shoe, his empty shoe?", she wasn't pretty, but it was her time, she didn't believe in the stars, but today she listened to her horoscope: go for what you really want, or something to that effect, black water r ushed in and she died; she's here, she's here, SHE'S HERE!, "caution: ultra-violet rays, saltwater swimming, and overheated blow dryers are serious dangers to Beautiful Hair," Pluto was not originally a man but a woman, black water rushed in and she died. To die an unfinished life. To exist only as a faded memory. To cry but not be heard. Life's uncertainty and ill-felt fate surrendered to death's deceptive, cumbersome realm in Joyce Carol Oates' "Black Water". Oates created a world in which the subconcious overcame reality, where confusion and uncertainty overcame monotimy. Throughout Oates' novel sex, life, naivete, death, and eternity all shared a common link. Kelly Kelleher, a twenty-six year old in the prime of her life succumbed to the "b... ...ies to make the reader feel and understand. The author grasped the ability to create a link between G____'s suppressive weight during their[Kelly and G___'s] love-making and the suppressive weight of the senator as he dented Kelly's body. Kelly starved herself as a source of discipline, she gave in to man's desires, she was ignorant of the true intentions of people and her surroundings. "You're in politics, you're an optimist. You're no longer an optimist, you're no longer in politics. You're no longer an optimist, you're dead." She was an optimist, even in her remaining moments and she still died. Optimism failed to shield her from her inconceivable fate. The world failed her, life failed her, hope failed her. Trapped in her metallic dented coffin, she dreamed of the "future". "If I can still see it, I am still alive." Black waters rushed in and she died.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

A healthy and safe home based environment Essay

It is my responsibility as a professional childminder to do everything possible to keep all children safe at all times and prevent accidents, to do so: †¢I will ensure I keep appropriate supervision of children at all times. †¢I have in place a thorough risk assessment which I enforce and revise regularly. †¢I use only equipment with children that is age appropriate and in safe working order and complies with national safety standards. †¢I keep my home clean and organised and dispose of waste appropriately. †¢I do not keep pets. †¢Medicines and other hazardous materials are locked away out of reach of children. †¢In the event of an accident, illness or emergency I will follow my policy and procedures to ensure it is dealt with in an effective way. There are different levels of supervision depending on the age, ability of the child, the task/activity they are taking part in and the environment they are doing it in, for example a toddler exploring the garden and learning to walk will need much more hands on supervision than an eight year old sitting quietly with a colouring book. The three Levels are: †¢Constant supervision means watching a child at all times, probably close by, maybe helping a baby to stand or a toddler to climb up a slide. †¢Close supervision is when you are watching the child without being involved in what they are doing, however you are ready to step in and help when necessary, maybe if a toddler is eating a snack or playing at the playground. †¢General supervision is always being aware what the child is doing and checking on them at regular intervals, maybe when an older child is doing their homework or watching TV after school. When out and about with children it is really important to follow road safety rules. Babies and toddlers are safely strapped into a buggy but older children must walk sensibly beside me while we walk along a busy road or cross over, holding hands depending on their age and understanding. When in quieter safer surrounding I expect the children to always listen to my instructions and Never go out of sight. I will always have written permission from parents  before taking them out and I will always let parents know where we plan to go. I only have toys and children’s equipment with a recognised safety symbol on them, such as the Kite Mark, the CE Mark or the Lion Mark. I check all equipment for hazards regularly to make sure they are not damaged or broken. All toys and equipment are used only with children of an appropriate age. Children are supervised at all times and are shown how to use toys safely. Current guidance on health and safety and risk assessment of the home based work setting is available from RoSPA (Royal Society for the prevention of Accidents) website at www.rospa.com where you can find a whole section on home safety including specific advice on preventing accidents among children. The Health and Safety Executive website www.hse.gov.uk contains general guidance about health and safety and risk assessment but is less specific to childcare. There is lots of support available for childminders. There are childminding networks all over the country are rich sources of information and support. If you are a member of PACEY, they will be a source of guidance and support. You could read through the Welfare requirements of EYFS or find information in your local library.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

The Interesting Ancestors of Emily and Zooey Deschanel

The Interesting Ancestors of Emily and Zooey Deschanel Bones, a FOX television series starring Emily Deschanel as Dr. Temperance Brennan and David Boreanaz as FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth, is one of my favorite fun television shows. Bones is based on the Kathy Reichs novels that I also enjoy. I love Emily Deschanels acting, and I cant resist digging into French ancestry when presented with the opportunity... Yes, Deschanel Is French The Deschanel surname, as it sounds, is French. Emily and Zooeys grandfather, Paul Jules Deschanel, was born in Oullins, Rhà ´ne, France  on 5 November 1906 and immigrated to the U.S. in 1930. Pauls parents, Joseph Marcelin Eugà ¨ne Deschanel and Marie Josephine Favre, married in Vienne, Isà ¨re, Rhà ´ne-Alpes, France on 20 April 1901. They both remained in France, although Marie did make several trips to the U.S. to visit her children. The two died in Lyon in 1947 and 1950, respectively. From there the Deschanel line stretches back through several generations of weavers from Planzolles, a tiny commune in the department of Ardà ¨che, France.1 Additional French surnames in the Deschanel family include Amyot, Borde, Duval, Sautel, Boissin and Delenne, and the records of many of Emily Deschanels French ancestors can be viewed online. Quaker Ancestry Emilys paternal grandmother, Anna Ward Orr, descends from a family of Quakers from Lancaster and Chester counties in Pennsylvania. Several, including her great-grandparents Adrian Van Bracklin Orr and Beulah (Lamb) Orr, and great-great-grandparents Joseph M. Orr and Martha E. (Pownall) Orr, are buried in the  Sadsbury Meeting Cemetery. Beulah Lamb, also from a  Quaker family, was born in Perquimans County, North Carolina to Caleb W. Lamb and Anna Matilda Ward. Both the Lamb and Ward families were in Perquimans County for generations. Deep Ohio and New York Roots Ohio roots run deep on the maternal side of Emily Deschanels family tree. The Weir immigrant ancestor, William Weir, emigrated from Lifford, Donegal, Ireland to America in 1819 aboard the Conestoga, and eventually settled in Brown, Carroll, Ohio. Emily Deschanel descends from Williams youngest son, Addison Mohallan Weir, through his second wife, Elizabeth Gurney. Interestingly, this takes us back to France, as Elizabeths father, George William Guerney was born in France - Belfort (possibly Belfort or another commune in the department of Territoire-de-Belfort) according to the death certificate of his eldest daughter, Jenny (Guerney) Knepper, which also stated that her mother, Anna Hanney, was born in Bern, Switzerland. Another Ohio ancestor of Emily Deschanel is Henry Anson Lamar, a steamer pilot on the Great Lakes. Henrys wife, Nancy Vrooman, was born in Schoharie, New York, a descendant of Hendrick Vrooman who emigrated from the Netherlands with two brothers to settle in New Netherland (New York) during the 17th century. He sadly was one of 60 people killed at the Schenectady Massacre of 1690. Six generations back in the family tree of Emily and Zooey Deschanel is an interesting New York farmer named Caleb Manchester, descendant of an early Rhode Island family. He and his wife, Lydia Chichester, settled on a farm near Scipioville, Cayuga, New York where they lived for 48 years and  raised 4 sons and 7 daughters, only two of whom survived them. Newspaper accounts tell the story of Calebs sudden death on 5 October 1868 at his home in Scipioville. Caleb Manchester, of Scipio, was discovered lying dead in his barn on Monday last. He went from his house, apparently in usual health, to harness a team, and it is supposed must have been seized by a fit.2 Yes, They Have Irish Ancestry Too Biographies of Emily Deschanel also often mention her Irish ancestry, which she does have   her maternal great-great grandmother, Mary B. Sullivan, was born in Painesville, Lake County, Ohio to Irish immigrants John Sullivan and Honora Burke. Sources: 1. Planzolles, Ardà ¨che, France, naissance, Jean Joseph Augustin Deschanel, 26 Mai 1844;Les Archives dà ©partementales de lArdà ¨che - Registres paroissiaux et detat civil. 2.  Central New York News,  The (Syracuse) Journal, 9 October 1868, page 2, col. 1;New York State Historical Newspapers - Old Fulton NY Post Cards

Monday, October 21, 2019

Gender Issues in Pakistan Essays

Gender Issues in Pakistan Essays Gender Issues in Pakistan Essay Gender Issues in Pakistan Essay Gender inequality in Pakistan October 20th, 2010 Pakistan’s founding father, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, proclaimed in a speech given at a meeting of the Muslim University Union, in Aligarh, on March 10, 1944, the following: â€Å"No nation can rise to the height of glory unless your women are side by side with you; we are victims of evil customs. It is a crime against humanity that our women are shut up within the four walls of the houses as prisoners. There is no sanction anywhere for the deplorable condition in which our women have to live. †1 Six decades have gone by since the independence of The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, and despite the Quid-e-Azam’s words of empowerment and the initial achievements made towards diminishing gender inequalities, true equality -social, political and legal- between gender remains a mere dream for the majority of Pakistani Women. The road towards emancipation has proven to be long and hard for this developing nation. The progressive efforts advanced by both the Muslim Family Ordinance of 1961 and the later Constitution of 1973 (which were respectively meant to ensure women’s rights in divorce, inheritance, and polygamy, and prohibited discrimination on the basis of sex), were curtailed by the installation of the Ziad Regime in 1979 and the subsequent passing of the Shariat Bill. Many activists argued that this law â€Å"would undermine the principles of justice, democracy, and fundamental rights of citizens, and†¦would become identified solely with the conservative interpretation supported by Zia’s government. 2 An example of the degradation of women’s status during this period is found in the 1979 Enforcement of Hudood Ordinances, which failed to discriminate between adultery (zina) and rape (zina-bil-jabr). â€Å"A man could be convicted of zina only if he were actually observed committing the crime by other men, but a woman could be convicted simply because she beca me pregnant. †3 As many scholars have acknowledged, the discrimination faced by Pakistani women has no sanction in the Islamic scriptures, but rather is embedded in this historically patriarchal society’s customs, values and norms, and in the conservative reading of the Holy Quran. 1 US Library of Congress report Pakistan A Country Study. Retrieved from http://memory. loc. gov/frd/cs/pktoc. html 2 The Status of Women and the Womens Movement. U. S. Library of Congress. Retrieved from countrydata. com/cgi-bin/query/r-9804. html 3 The Status of Women and the Womens Movement. U. S. Library of Congress. Retrieved from countrydata. com/cgi-bin/query/r-9804. html 4 Rashid, J. Womens Struggle in Pakistan. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 22, No. 49 (Dec. 5, 1987), pp. 2112-2114. : Retrieved from jstor. org/stable/4377822 1 Gender inequalities in Pakistan vary greatly between the different provinces, the rural and urban settings, and the different social classes of the country. The key determinant of these inequalities rests on the perception that it is the man’s responsibility to provide for the woman, who is considered inferior and subordinate to him. On the other hand, the woman’s role, as if prescribed by nature, is limited to domestic duties; and she carries the family’s honor and respect (izzat). In order to reduce the probability of honor violation and to ensure the status quo remains untouched, Pakistani society has segregated the sexes by veiling and secluding women from nonrelated men (purdah); and has placed restrictions on women’s mobility, behavior and activities. 5 In 2002, in rural Pakistan â€Å"ninety-six percent of females aged 15-24 needed permission to travel to a nearby health outlet†, a village or a relatives’ home. The obstacles that these traditional perspectives and practices present to women as they continue to limit their opportunities to access health services, decent salaries and work conditions (if any at all), and education, has translated into high gender inequality, predominantly amongst the Pakistani urban and rural poor. The disparity between women and men’s labor force participation, literacy, and school attendance rates is reflective of this situation. In 1981 only 5. 6 percent of all women were employed. Although the policies romoting economic growth, and the high inflation experienced by the country in the past decades has increased the number of working women, it still remained very low at around 15 percent in 2003 (compared to male participation of over 80%). 7 Most women working in the rural areas and in the industrial centers bare the double burden of housework and outside work, and they experience discrimination â€Å"arising either from job segregation or unequal pay for equal work or less investment in training by employers or lack of support services for working mothers. 8 More often, the women remain at home and sell manufactured goods to a middleman for very low and disproportionate compensation. Women have also fewer education opportunities than men. In 2005 the literacy 5 The Status of Women and the Womens Movement. U. S. Library of Congress. Retrieved from countrydata. com/cgi-bin/query/r-9804. html 6 Coleman, I. G ender Disparities, Economic Growth and Islamization in Pakistan. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D. C, 2004. Retrieved from cfr. org/publication/7217/gender_disparities_economic_growth_and_islamization_in_pakis tan. html 7 Women Empowerment and Youth Perception in Pakistan. European Journal of Scientific Research Vol. 39 No. 1 (2010), pp. 7589. Retrieved from eurojournals. com/ejsr_39_1_07. pdf 8 Ghaus-Pasha, A. GENDER INEQUALITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN. (1999). Social Policy and Development Center, Karachi. Retrieved from spdc. org. pk/pubs/rr/rr24. pdf 2 ates for women were 36 percent, while for men were 63 percent! 9 In 1997, out of 172 professional colleges, only 10 existed for women; and the school attendance rates remained lower for girls (27%) than for boys (73%). 10 Diverse groups including the Womens Action Forum, the All-Pakistan Womens Association, the Pakistan Women Lawyers Association, and the Business and Professional Womens Association, have been supporting projects throughout the country that focus on empowering women since independence. The government’s commitment to reducing gender inequalities (rising the age of marriage, passing the Protection of Women Bill in 2006, extending micro credit to women, increasing the number of government seats held by women, etc); has not yield the necessary results because of the problems with implementing policies in the country, and the resistance put forward by traditional and extremist beliefs. World Factbook. Retrieved from https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html Coleman, I. Gender Disparities, Economic Growth and Islamization in Pakistan. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D. C, 2004. Retrieved from 10 cfr. org/publication/7217/gender_disparities_economic_growth_and_islamization_in_pakis tan. html   Hasan, R. The Role of Woman as Agents of Change and Development in Pakistan. Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 3, No. 3 (Aug. , 1981), pp. 68-75. Retrieved from jstor. org/stable/761896? origin=JSTOR-pdf 3

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Understanding Developmental Psychology

Understanding Developmental Psychology Introduction With the increasing social, environmental and economic complexity in the world, there is need to understand developmental psychology. This paper recaps the highlights of the proposed research study.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Developmental Psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By bringing out the application and benefits of psychology, this paper argues that developmental psychology need to be addressed in various developmental programs. It begins by defining developmental psychology; then it examines some of the application of developmental psychology in life and completes by reviewing the benefits of developmental psychology. Definition of developmental psychology In this section, the study will review some of definition of developmental psychology then incorporate these definition into one common definition. The study will base on Cooker-Greauter’s (2004) description of developmental psychology as a horizontal development and vertical development. According to him, horizontal development is a gradual accumulation of new knowledge and skills. It happens without universal overview of changes or people making meaning. Vertical development consists of the literal transformation of people’s perception of reality. As Kegan (2002) notes, as individual learns to think and look, they experience a â€Å"quantitative shift in the very shape of the window or lens† (p.148) from the universal perspective. Variables such as worldviews, stages of development, level of consciousness, logical actions and organizing principals are used as a measure to understand how people make meaning (McCauley et al., 2006, p.636).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Application of developmental psychology in life Development psychology can be used to explain ho w leaders and managers interact with their environmental setting and their logical actions thus having a significant implication for leadership and management theories. Mainly, developmental psychology provides the most granular view to date how managers and leaders think and behave with respect to complex changing environment. Given the difficulty of societal, environmental and economic challenges faced in the world, there is an increasing need to develop capable leaders to help lead humanity into sustainable future. Therefore, considerable work using developmental psychology need to be addressed in developmental programs for tomorrow leaders. Besides the development of leaders, this section will examine some of the written literatures on different application of developmental psychology. The aim of this is to understand how developmental psychology can be applied in different life dimensions. Benefits of developmental psychology This section of the proposed study will basically fo cus on benefit of personal growth and development as a concept in developmental psychology. When people make a meaningful structural growth, they emerge into a new and improved capabilities. Developmental stages unfold into concrete, logical, invariant sequence from birth to adulthood. Each successive stage surpasses and incorporates the previous phase. The movement is often likened to an ever-widening spiral development (McCauley et al., 2006, p.636). In other words, people do not regress. Once a developmental order is constructed, the previous order loses its developmental functions yet remains as a considered perspective. People’s developmental stage influence how people notice and become aware of things and henceforth, what they define, reflect on, express, alter and impact (McCauley et al., 2006, p.636).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Developmental Psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Cairns, R. B. (1992). The making of a developmental science: the contribution and intellectual heritage of James Mark Baldwin. Developmental Psychology, 28(1), 1-21. Colman, A. M. (2009). A dictionary of psychology (3rd ed.). Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. Cooker-Greuter, S.R. (2004). Making the case for a developmental perspective. Industrial and Commercial Training, 36(7), 270-280. Kochanska, G. (2002). Committed compliance, moral self, and internalization: a mediational model. Developmental Psychology, 38(3), 339-351. McCauley, C.D., Drath, W.H., Palus, C.J., O’Connor, P.M.G., Baker, B.A. (2006). The use of constructive developmental theory to advance the understanding of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 629-640. Nielsen, M. (2006). Copying actions and copying outcomes: Social learning through the second year. Developmental Psychology, 42(3), 555-565. Riggs, N. R., Jahromi, L. B., Razza, R. P., Dillworth-Bart, J. E., Mueller, U. (2006). Ex ecutive function and the promotion of social-emotional competence. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27(4), 300-309.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Business Analysis Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Analysis Project - Research Paper Example The company headquarters are at Irving in Texas and employs about 80,000 people (mbaknol.com, 2012). Exxon Mobil has been marked with a higher market value than any other publicly-traded company in the world. History: Exxon Mobil Corporation is a merger of Exxon and Mobil, two great oil industry titans in the past century. The historic background of these two companies is a notable one and heads back to 19th century, when these two companies were established. Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (Exxon) and Standard Oil Companies of New Jersey (Mobil) were formed from John D. Rockfeller’s Standard Oil Trust which was started in 1870. With the increase in oil resources and implementation of various advanced techniques, they emerged as greatest oil corporations and formed individual identities for each. They indeed created a great impact to the American economy in the past century. Even after the dissolution of Standard Oil Trust in 1911, they subsisted to expand and grew in terms of their production, refining and research, making them leading companies in the oil and gas industry. Since the end of the World War 2, the company expanded its market to more than 100 countries. The companies stayed separate for nearly 87 years, until they signed a definitive agreement that the two would merge and form a new company, namely, Exxon Mobil Corporation. ... Current Operations and Projects: Exxon Mobil involves in three major operations, mainly upstream, downstream and chemicals. Being the leading oil company in the world, Exxon Mobil has faced various ups and downs in the recent decades. For instance, In February 2010, Exxon Mobil reported $310.58 billion in revenue in fiscal year 2009. In fiscal year 2008, it reported $477.35 billion in revenue. (Taque, 2010). It is estimated that though there are rises in oil prices, there will be higher downstream revenue with the increasing demand for the energy resources among the developing countries. There was a decline in liquids production of the company which was subsequently compensated by the increase of the gas production. Exxon has come up with a discovery in the Gulf of Mexico in the past year and is beginning to work over the Julia deepwater fields in the future. The company has set up establishing new explorations in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Russian Arctic area. â€Å"More explora tion is expected to happen in the U.S. with the government selling leases in the GoM and granting licenses in Alaska.† (Forbes, 2012). Its major development project includes the Kashakan project at Kazakhstan and the West Qurna field which is showing a great progress. The gas output of the company has been greatly increased by the shale exploration in U.S. â€Å"Exxon is also a partner in the $15.7 billion Papua New Guinea LNG project in Australia†. (Forbes, 2012). With its ongoing projects at Iraq, Kazakhstan and LNG projects in Australia, the company’s output volume will favorably increase with its production. Exxon Mobil is currently conducting test runs at its new

Friday, October 18, 2019

San Andreas Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

San Andreas - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that when a beautiful woman, a mother of a teenage daughter, leaves her handsome and extremely brave husband working as a firefighter to live with some cunning and extremely wealthy city architect it is no wonder that skyscrapers start falling and the earth literally cracks down.   That is how ancient Greeks would probably perceive the movie â€Å"San Andreas† because they believed in Gods and their ultimate revenge for human mistakes.   The slogan of the movie is more than eloquent: â€Å"Who you will be with when everything falls apart† and it makes viewers believe that this is more than just a family drama and more than just a disaster film. Being a disaster film â€Å"Sa Andreas† seems to be based on a drama of a good quality. Unfortunately, the plot cannot impress viewers with its originality but this fact must be attributed to the genre of disaster film in general. â€Å"San Andreas† does what a good mo vie of this kind must do: impress viewers, evoke fear and loath, bring in life apocalyptic sensations and images.   Despite such seemingly unpleasant characteristics disaster movies remain really popular, especially among Americans. It is because disaster films prove to be very successful at the box office, and â€Å"San Andreas† is not an exception.   It depicts a nuclear family on the edge of divorce being caught in the area struck by a series of natural catastrophes.  Ã‚  

Critically analyse what is meant by the New Third Way as a political Essay

Critically analyse what is meant by the New Third Way as a political ideology - Essay Example These ideas are very progressive and necessary at first sight. The matter is that these ideas were formulated in the end of the 20th century, and the political situation was not the same as today. The ideas of the Third Way are of liberal views which are in great crisis today. The world community is facing a lot of new challenges, especially after September 11, 2003. Most of them are related to the global world terrorism and numerous terrible actions made by terrorists throughout the world. Many challenges are connected with WMD proliferation and drug trafficking. The twentieth century was a century of capitalism and socialism ideas realization, but now in the beginning of the 21st century the ideas of pure capitalism (when profit is the main value, and all problems must be overcome by free entertainment) and socialism (when state is the main power in economic life) are become outdated, as practice shows. So, the leaders of the most powerful countries offered a new decision, so-calle d The Third Way.

Life is a Trajectory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life is a Trajectory - Essay Example The river never gets stagnant. From the tender brooks on the lap of the mountains, it runs down as streams getting titanic form and passing by greatest civilisations and mighty cities of the world to end its long drawn journey into the ever eclipsing oceans where the entity of this particular river gets effaced along with many joining the mighty procession called life. In a similar manner, life initiates on the lap of parents, tender and wild, innocent like a flower. At that point of time, love, care and nurturing becomes the only need of life. At the brink of youth, vibrant and exuberant life has an unknown threat to explore the unexplored, to experience the inexperienced and navigate through the dark and unseen abbeys of the wilderment. Then comes the middle age with maturity of perception and wide experiences, where the tramping feet gets shackled with added responsibility and thought that echo in redundant way that wounded knees were better than broken hearts.

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Worldly Philosophers by Robert Heilbroner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Worldly Philosophers by Robert Heilbroner - Essay Example However, in civilized and advanced societies, the author asserts that this kind of cohesiveness found in primitive societies is missing. In addition, in modern societies fewer incentives exist for people to act in order to survive. This leads to a disfranchised society. Due to intricacy of modern society, small transformation in society could lead to social disarray. The author talks about the struggles in society that people undergo in order to survive (Heilbroner 19). Since we live in a capitalist society, the author argues that it is impossible to prevent some circumstances in capitalist. The overgrowing use of machines enhances high productivity of goods, which creates employment opportunities for workers to work in those industries. It will however be difficult to avoid the use of child labor to work within these industries. Huge gap of social inequalities has also continued to widen further as people become more selfish. The exploitation of the workers has constantly resulted i nto wars and crises, which has been difficult to prevent. The division between the owners of production and the workers meant there is likelihood of war eruption, which in this case is inevitable as a result, impairing the development of a capitalist economy (Heilbroner 21). With huge concentration on capital, whereby small retail units had to pave way for the enlargement of wide markets agriculturalists had to suffer. It should however be noted that this system of capitalist makes it very difficult to control the economic crises. Since markets are identified with money and exchange, Heilbroner asserts that this leads to the problem of equal allocation of resources because of scarce resources. He also states there is also the problem of economic efficient since resources produced are not allocated and distributed equally.

How Can an Engineering Airline Maintenance Organisation Identify Assignment

How Can an Engineering Airline Maintenance Organisation Identify Existing or New Staff to Take on Managerial Responsibilities - Assignment Example However, for airlines to operate effectively, they must have to maintain their planes, which are the key to their returns. Therefore, there is a need for an airline maintenance organization contracted by an airline. The airline entrusts the maintenance organization with the responsibility of ensuring the aircraft are worthy of operating. According to Hines (2003), the maintenance organizations are required to assess the competence and qualification of aircraft maintenance employees and the results can either confirm the need for training or not. Nevertheless, when the organization is seeking for an employee, who will match the managerial responsibilities, it can choose to either recruit internally or externally from a pool of candidates. When an organization decides to recruit externally, there are a number of steps involved. According to Roberts (1997 p3), the main purpose of selecting candidates is to match them with the organization’s responsibilities, hence consideration o f competence of the candidates is important. The first step in attracting candidates for a particular position is through advertising, whereby, an organization can choose from a variety, newspapers, internet, or posters among others. The interested candidates respond via curriculum vitae or application letters. The organization then proceeds to sort the quality qualified CVs from the low-quality ones and shortlist the qualified candidates. The qualified candidates are then invited for the interview, at a certain date, time, and venue. During the interviews, the employees are expected to answer the question confidently and correctly; the interviews determine the capability of a candidate to take up the required roles. According to Holbeche (2009 pp 175), after the interview is conducted, feedback should be given to the unsuccessful and successful candidates. It is important to recruit new talent into the organization, as they contribute towards new ideas; however, the skills and expe rience have to fit the assigned role. In this case, of the managerial responsibility, the experience is necessary for this position.  

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Life is a Trajectory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life is a Trajectory - Essay Example The river never gets stagnant. From the tender brooks on the lap of the mountains, it runs down as streams getting titanic form and passing by greatest civilisations and mighty cities of the world to end its long drawn journey into the ever eclipsing oceans where the entity of this particular river gets effaced along with many joining the mighty procession called life. In a similar manner, life initiates on the lap of parents, tender and wild, innocent like a flower. At that point of time, love, care and nurturing becomes the only need of life. At the brink of youth, vibrant and exuberant life has an unknown threat to explore the unexplored, to experience the inexperienced and navigate through the dark and unseen abbeys of the wilderment. Then comes the middle age with maturity of perception and wide experiences, where the tramping feet gets shackled with added responsibility and thought that echo in redundant way that wounded knees were better than broken hearts.

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

How Can an Engineering Airline Maintenance Organisation Identify Assignment

How Can an Engineering Airline Maintenance Organisation Identify Existing or New Staff to Take on Managerial Responsibilities - Assignment Example However, for airlines to operate effectively, they must have to maintain their planes, which are the key to their returns. Therefore, there is a need for an airline maintenance organization contracted by an airline. The airline entrusts the maintenance organization with the responsibility of ensuring the aircraft are worthy of operating. According to Hines (2003), the maintenance organizations are required to assess the competence and qualification of aircraft maintenance employees and the results can either confirm the need for training or not. Nevertheless, when the organization is seeking for an employee, who will match the managerial responsibilities, it can choose to either recruit internally or externally from a pool of candidates. When an organization decides to recruit externally, there are a number of steps involved. According to Roberts (1997 p3), the main purpose of selecting candidates is to match them with the organization’s responsibilities, hence consideration o f competence of the candidates is important. The first step in attracting candidates for a particular position is through advertising, whereby, an organization can choose from a variety, newspapers, internet, or posters among others. The interested candidates respond via curriculum vitae or application letters. The organization then proceeds to sort the quality qualified CVs from the low-quality ones and shortlist the qualified candidates. The qualified candidates are then invited for the interview, at a certain date, time, and venue. During the interviews, the employees are expected to answer the question confidently and correctly; the interviews determine the capability of a candidate to take up the required roles. According to Holbeche (2009 pp 175), after the interview is conducted, feedback should be given to the unsuccessful and successful candidates. It is important to recruit new talent into the organization, as they contribute towards new ideas; however, the skills and expe rience have to fit the assigned role. In this case, of the managerial responsibility, the experience is necessary for this position.  

Gerard Manley Hopkins Essay Example for Free

Gerard Manley Hopkins Essay The Windhover, by Gerard Manley Hopkins is a poem about the essence of natural things. This poem describes the relationship of human beings to the natural world as the poet is addressing God through the bird. It is praising him for all the marvellous things He has created and that humans can enjoy. The poem consists in three verses. In the first verse, the poet describes the power of the bird as it is portrayed as the master of heavens. This verse captures the movement of the bird in the sky. It starts with I caught this morning mornings minion that gives the feeling that the bird is a servant of the sky and it is the morning because it is a good time for hunting. Hopkins puts words together like dapple dawn-drawn to portray multi-images as here where the bird is drawn in the sky. Also, the alliteration here produces the effect of the birds movement in the air and the intensity of the poems feeling. The author writes that the bird is striding high there and this produces the image that the bird is taking huge steps in the air. The bird also rung upon the rein of a wimpling wing showing his power and control with ecstasy. The bird has control over the wind. The rhythm in this verse is very slow, yet steady. This verse consists in very long sentences that convey the effect that the bird is circling the air; with long movements it also reflects the poets feelings. This verse gives as the feeling that he poet has searched very well the words to describe his feelings but at the same time describing the bird. He searches for words that sound as they are written for example sweeps smooth. The second verse consists only of three lines explaining how the bird spots its pray and here, the beauty of the bird is more accentuated when the author uses Brute beauty to describe how beautiful the bird is, even when it is hunting. The word brute has an impact on the readers because this word means violent, wild, but here, the author uses it to emphasize that the beauty is a different kind of beauty; that it is a magnificent beauty, so marvellous and magnificent that there is no better word to describe it than brute. The poem reaches to the climax when the bird spots the pray and the author writes here buckle! as if warning us for action. To be prepared. From now on, the rhythm is more steady with lots of comas and faster than the first verse. This gives us the effect that the bird is now descending towards its pray. At the end of this verse, the author addresses to God as Oh my chevalier! and this is to thank Him for creating such marvellous things as the bird, full of Brute beauty so that humans can enjoy, even though it is only by watching them. When the author addresses to God, the rhythm changes. This matches the ecstasy of the bird in his own physical mastery of the sky. The last verse consists also in three lines, and here, the relationship of human beings to the natural world is also portrayed. This verse is more as a pronouncement. Here the author stops speaking about the bird and makes us realise how Gods beauty of creation is in everything, even in things where there is no apparent beauty. This is achieved also when Hopkins starts talking about how the shi er pli d makes even ploughing beautiful and how blue-bleak embers are also beautiful. In conclusion, I think that Hopkins decides to first start talking about the Windhover and about its Brute beauty to then compare it to the beauty found in every thing of creation. He relates human being to the beauty of nature because the beauty found in nature comes from humans sacrifice. The words on Hopkins poem impact me because they make me realise how lucky we are to be part of creation and enjoy the beauty there is from Christs sacrifice.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Social Theories of Education

Social Theories of Education This thinking paper will examine Brookfields critique of the above article, examining what is critical about critical theory and in turn critical theorys analysis to the repositioning of that Ideology. Establishing that Ideology is a key concept in Critical Theory, Brookfields further interpretations extended to the thoughts of leaders in the field to identify and oppose the Ideological forces and social processes that oppresses them. Recognising the art of manipulation the dominant ideology can use, at the same time identifying contradictions that produce possibilities for resistance and emancipation, to break free from unequal structures in order to create a more inclusive democracy. Brookfield believes Marxs Capitalist and Bureaucratic Rationalities acted as a catalyst to revolutionise social change Marx underpinned the intent of critical theory to act as a catalyst for revolutionary social change.  (Brookfield, 2001) and how dominant relationships that existed played a role in the reproduction or fostering by the ruling class, of the social structures and education of people to believe and act in certain ways, thus fundamentally conditioning of the human consciousnesss. People did not know why they were doing it but they did it anyway! Brookfield continued to interpret the writings of Horkheimer identifying his rudiments of critical theory, focussing to abolish the exchange economy of capitalism that dominates social processes, in order to set some people free from oppression and reframe itself to formalised or subjective reasoning, of what he considers to be Traditional Theory.   Horkheimer suggest that as soon as a particular thought or a way of doing something has been suggested by the powers that be, we forget thinking for ourselves and lose our capacity to reason. Eagletons view that Ideologies are not false but are conditions that continue to gain acceptance because individuals recognise them as being true, from their experiences. Thus engaging with their needs and requirements that they already possess. If we believe we must not grumble, shrug our shoulders and get on with it, then the majority principle of the system is safe. Eagleton quotes: The study of Ideology is among other things an inquiry into the ways in whichpeople maycometoinvestintheirownunhappiness(Brookfield, 2001) Brookfield acknowledged a deeper understanding of Ideology with the use of empirical writings in Althussers essay Ideology and Ideology State Apparatuses in which two types of socialisation agencies evolved Repressive State Apparatuses (such as Police, Military, Prison Guards and Teachers) and Ideological State Apparatuses (such as Family, Church, Educational Systems, Media and Politics.) which exist mainly in civil societies but being controlled by the Repressive State Apparatuses. With this in mind, one does not operate without the other exercising Hegemony. For example, the Educational System. In contrast to Marx, Althusser suggests People did know why they were doing it but they did it anyway! Lastly, through Brookfield interpretations Gramscis concept of Hegemony was explored. He identified how adult learners, on entry into and currently in education, are active participants of prior knowledge, beliefs, experiences and values. Thus possessing their own Ideologies and willing in their own oppression. Adult Educators persuade to challenge dominant Ideologies that are exercised through the art of manipulation, the all persuasive nature of negotiation, powerful yet adaptable but still remaining in place. Hegemony emphasises the way people learn to embrace willingly beliefs and practices. These practices that work against their own best interests and the interests of others who have power over us. It also allows for the possibility of opposing elements emerging, of counter hegemony. We do this as adult learners when we negotiate extensions for assessments.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Denying Medical Value Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tens of thousands of patients are denied of medical cannabis that could benefit from its therapeutic use. Not only does it help ease the pain of many agonizing diseases, but it also contributes to the prevention of some illnesses. It can also replace harmful antibiotics that we use now. An abundance of arguments have been made on this issue, but I feel as though most of them are a bit far-fetched and can be retaliated with legitimate responses, which will be further explained later in this essay. So far, twelve states have legalized marijuana for medicinal uses. These states include Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington. The earliest to pass this law was in 1996, and with much reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Medicinal marijuana can provide multiple types of pain relief. First, it was proved to relieve asthma attacks and improve breathing. Also, its active ingredient, THC, reduces vomiting and nausea caused by chemotherapy. It relieves the muscle pain and spasticity that comes from multiple sclerosis, and may also help some of these unfortunate patients with bladder control and relieve tremor. The leading cause of blindness in the United States is caused by glaucoma, which is when the pressure inside one’s eyeball has increased. Marijuana, when smoked, reduces this pressure, making it a significant amount better to deal with. Medicinal cannabis also strongly improv...

Saturday, October 12, 2019

A Career in Electrical Engineering Essays -- Papers

A Career in Electrical Engineering Choosing the right career can mean the difference between being satisfied and being disappointed with my life. Many factors can influence the career that I may have for the rest of my life. A decision that I am going to make at the young age of nineteen will have a major impact on the next ten years if not the rest of my life. In order to make the best decision possible for my future I have decided, if not forced, to research a career of interest to me. The two major career choices I have been interested in for the past few years have been engineering and teaching. I have already done researched teaching so I decided to research engineering. There are many different types of engineering so I decided to pick the one most interesting to me. Electrical engineering is the career field I have selected to investigate. Engineering is something my parents have urged me to consider. Since a young kid I have been interested in building things. I use to tell my parents I wanted to be an inventor and build a time machine. Legos were my favorite toy growing up, and I have always been exceptionally good in math. Since my freshmen year in high school I have been interested in becoming a teacher, but during my freshmen year in college I was becoming more and more aware of the amount of money lower level teachers made. Many people were recommending engineering as a possible career option so I decided to look into it. Since I have always found electricity to be cool I decided to learn more about electrical engineering as a future career field. The Dictionary of Occupational Titles code for electrical engineering is 003.061-010, while the Guide for Occupational Exploration code is 05.01.01. There is anot... ... edge as an electrical engineer or whatever occupation I choose to enter. I feel very satisfied with the information I obtained. At times I was bored in this class being the only male, and having to listen to a bunch of females whine over stuff I didn’t care about. With regards to electrical engineering I leaned that electrical engineering is boring, and does not seem like an occupation I would enjoy. The people I talked to about engineering were happy with their jobs but were also nerds. I think I should really consider teaching as a possible career choice. Therefore, I am not certain about the career choices I have made. I think I will try to major in math and become a math teacher; I can always change my major if I am not happy with how things are going. I have learned that my happiness will be increased with better career satisfaction versus monetary gain.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Philosophy and Engineering Essay

Study is not only learning the facts but rather it is a practice the mind to think. This is my values in concerning Engineering course in my life not only do utilize the scientific knowledge to build something, but you also utilize philosophical wisdom in figuring out what to build, so that it will be valuable and new. The range of philosophical studies there is without limit of facts, thoughts, ideas and knowledge beyond existence or do without exist and act being exist. For us soon to be engineer, the first principle of high metaphysics is very important and significant for innovation. The first cause principle of all things is GOD. Without him we can’t innovate out which something is made, through which something is made, is that which something is made and on the account which something is made. In the act of â€Å"esse† the values is being mannered, through this we give respect, loyalty and wisdom in everything we do. We have to attain the highest form human achievements â€Å"the most universal science† since all reality is its object of study. Metaphysics relates the knowledge (truth) and to the will (Goodness). Aesthetic sense (beauty) is necessary for innovation. Beauty is imagination, without imagination you can’t create something is entice. Imagination is greater than knowledge. Connected values is based on interactivity, dialogue and participation. It connects people on a personal level, while recognising the importance of the values of the institutions they represent. It uses a cyclic, reflexive and action-learning methods. â€Å"I appreciate people who are electric and all engineering level, whether they mean it or not. I think: Be electric!. Do not cherish your opinion over my feelings. There’s a vanity to candor that isn’t really worth it. Be kind†¦

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Business Analysis on Sony Corporation

Business Analysis on Sony Corporation for the years between 2001 and 2011 Overview Looking back on the past decade of Sony Corporation, opportunities walked along with challenges. The â€Å"combination of giants† between Sony and Ericsson caught attention of the whole world. The invention of mini vertical mobile phone promptly captured the youth market. When Sony Ericsson was at its best, its sales figures were ranking Top Three in European and American markets. However, since 2008, Sony Ericsson almost has opted out of the top list in mobile phone industry.The revolution of iPhone and Android ruined Sony Ericsson’s confidence thoroughly. In addition, the political conflicts and historical factors, such as Diaoyu Island incident, to some extent, have affected the sales in recent years further. Our business analysis emphasizes on the development of Sony Corporation during the period from 2001 to 2011, especially the overseas market expansion in mobile phone industry. We will introduce the development process of Sony and the challenges they faced or will face from three perspectives: business, political and socio-cultural factors.Besides, we, as well as Sony Corporation, concentrate most is how to turn these challenges to the opportunities. Firstly, let us illustrate the organizational structure of Sony Ericsson, especially Sony Ericsson China. The market share of Ericsson has ever ranking no. 3 in global mobile phone market in late 90s of 20 century. Their promoting strategy in Chinese regions made an excellent success because of selecting LIU Dehua and JIN Chengwu as spokesmen. However, Ericsson suffered a huge loss resulting from a mistake in generating strategy in 2000.Meanwhile, Sony mobile phone could scarcely capture the market share, for they were too late to get access to the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) market. It was in this context that Sony and Ericsson reached a consensus that each of their mobile phone departments sub scribed 50 percent shares to establish a joint venture corporation, that is, Sony Ericsson. They two operated the company together that Ericsson was responsible for technology and quality control while Sony was in charge of the outlook design and sales.The organizational structure is as following. Since 2008, the tablet revolution led by Apple and Android has inflicted a severe impact on Sony Ericsson. In 2011, Sony broke up with Ericsson and purchased the remaining 50 percent shares owned by Ericsson before. Sony kept the mobile phone production department, but their market share cannot be compared to the past. Secondly, the development of Sony mobile phones went through a tough procedure. Let’s briefly review the milestones and look forward to the future.Sony Ericsson sustained high losses in the first two years, until T618 was launched in 2003. T618 was an influential mobile phone type which directly turned SE into profits. And then, to make full use of Sony’s techn ology in Walkman, SE launched W800 in 2005, bringing the concept of music phone to the public. After that, K790 was the first professional camera phone with flashlight, which beyond any other brands at that time. The net income in Sony reached a peak in 2008 with 369,435 yen in millions, while it decreased abruptly in 2009 resulting from the rapid rise of Apple and Android.The cooperation with Android cannot revived SE as the development of X10i and Xperia arc Lt15i could not make ends meet. The continuing losses upset Ericsson and accelerated the termination of the contract between Sony and Ericsson. Therefore, we recommend that Sony should change their marketing strategies to â€Å"low cost, low price† strategy in order to capture the markets in developing countries. In addition, the conclusion of financial annual reports in the past decade is one of the core factors to evaluate the development of Sony. SONY ‘s Net Income(Loss) 2001-2011YearNet Income (Loss) 200116,75 4 200215,310 2003115,519 200488,511 2005163,838 2006123,616 2007126,328 2008369,435 2009-98,938 2010-40,802 2011-259,585 According to the financial figures, it is not hard to track the operation status in Sony for the ten years. 2003, 2008 and 2009 are remarkable turning points and we will demonstrate the business, political and socio-cultural causes in detain as follows. Analysis on Business Aspect In 2000, the subsidiary of famous telecoms giant, the world's third-largest mobile phone company Ericsson, suffered a continuous loss.Ericsson used it as a trigger to start the joint venture company with Japan electronics giant Sony with equal-shared stake in global mobile phone business. Sony Ericsson was established in 2001 as a prestigious international brand for youth. Its global headquarter was located in London which was incompatible with the common thought that Sony Ericsson belongs to Japan . Its international employees were up to 7500 including the research and development talen ts from Europe ,Japan ,China and America.It was a hidden danger for two parties’ division that a considerable number of the technology was mainly transplanted from Sony Company. The new co-operation company combined the Sony’s capability of planning and designing video product, marketing electronic product and promoting brand with the Ericsson’s specialization in mobile telecommunication technology, operators relationship maintaining and network facilities construction. At the beginning two years, Sony Ericsson took debts of 16. 2 billion Swedish grams from Ericsson causing 5 percentage market shares shrunk which made large shareholders have to reinvest 300 million.By virtue of the support of parent companies, Sony Ericsson was booming later and embodying its own style in processing image and wireless telecommunication. In the September of 2003, it first gained profit with introducing an influential upright mobile phone using a few-but-delicate strategy to compe te with corresponds’ mass products. In the next year, the developing trend for Sony Ericsson was irresistible that it opened Valentine’s party cooperated with many outstanding brands to launch its new phones .Its classic and innovate products started to be appealing to various consumption levels in different areas. Starting from the second season of 2005, Sony Ericsson used existed brand Walkman in Sony to create the first bi-brand phone which took over electronic entertainment career of Sony. It made a good performance for increasing both market share and profit . Furthermore, it transplanted Sony Walking and Cyber-shot brand successfully getting a reputation. However, photographing and music functions were commonly imitated by other brands causing Sony Ericsson lose its edge in advanced technology.Some demerits of its products also appeared such as inconvenience of phone download, insufficiency of capability and incommodity of background use. Main reasons for the dec lined performance were that products did not keep up with the rhythm of market and not pay attention to the Smart mobile phone market. Its delicate high-price strategy was in a dilemma for consumers were unwilling to pay a large bill of non-smart cell phone . Meanwhile its internal management was in chaos and the contest for leadership among the executives led to the change of personnel in 2007.Coincidently, an economic crisis happened and changed the consumer’s demand of phone. Sony Ericsson found itself left behind on account of insufficient supply of low-end phone, lack of brand-new products for high-end and shortage of amazing spot in the field of smart phone. Its ever strongest music and photography phones for the mid-market were surpassed by competitors. And it also did not recognize the great demand in Chinese market that it was doomed a tough year for Sony Ericsson . In 2008, Sony intended to purchase the equity of Ericsson which was set aside.Considering the unsatisf ied performance in new products launch and market share for last three years, Sony Ericsson former executive in Silicon Valley Nordberg became the CEO . He abandoned futureless Symbian system and low-end market focusing on the Google’s Android system to reform the company strategy. The decision turned out to be wise that Sony Ericsson launched several excellent Android phone and turned losses into gains gradually. The hesitation between multiple platform system let Sony Ericsson miss a lot of golden chances to boom.It seemed to be an irresistible trend for Sony Ericsson’s ending which will provide space for Sony to shine itself. At the end of October in 2011, Sony officially announced that it offered 1. 05 billion euros to take over the other 50 percent stake Ericsson held. Now Sony Ericsson is a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony and will no longer exist but with a Sony logo. Sony mobile takes advantage of Android platform to develop rapidly and its market share grows gr adually with Xperia series launching. In addition, Sony closed its functional phone production and was dedicated to operate Android smart phone.It can also integrate its huge resources under its name Analysis on Political Aspect Political factor is playing a crucial role in the process of oversea market expansion, for it decides what entrance mode that a company will choose. This section will critically discuss about the political aspect in the way of Sony Company’s internationalization and conduct an analysis on both Sony in China and Europe as a particular example. Political Environment and Company Strengths From 1945 after the World War? international political situation turned to be stable and peace in general, which create a valuable moment for Japan and other countries to develop economy in postwar time. USD-centered International Monetary System provided a comparatively stable condition for international trade. And in 1946, Sony was started from scratch. Inside the cou ntry, on the one hand, with western democratic political system and legal institute built in Japan successfully, Japanese government gradually relaxed the restriction on import and export trading since 1960 in order to push economy grows.On the other hand, economy development brought with living-level to rise. The demand for household appliance rose as well. These are basic national conditions to Sony for its oversea business activities. For Sony itself, firstly it has a clear and specific goal and plan on inland and oversea marketing. Secondly, it insists on high quality product with high price strategy, which establishes the reputation for the brand. Thirdly, enterprise culture attracts customers to build up a brand loyalty to Sony. Political Challenges of Sony’s InternationalizeAs the company did an excellent sales performance in Japan, it decided to stretch its branches into oversea area. In January, 1959, Sony became the new brand name instead of the original company nam e to meet the international trend. Opportunities and threats are both exist on the way of oversea expansion. Here is an analysis on Sony Company’s expansion worldwide and the main challenge of its entrance mode select in different countries and areas, under the effects by the political factors. In November, 1986, Sony set up its first European headquarters Sony Euro in Germany.Before that, it settled the branches respectively in US(1968), Germany(1970) and France(1973) to enlarge the sales revenue and promote its concept of localization around the world. A remarkable example that Sony Company joint venture with Ericsson Company to create a new brand of Sony Ericsson, which both of them holding 50% of the share. And in February, 2012 Sony took over it as sub company via acquisition. For Asian companies, European monetary system provide them a ideal trading base, for they can easily enlarge the sales target in Euro zone.Meanwhile, the main challenges they faced with in European market are serious as well. Exchange rate risk in monetary policy and stability of financial system is uncertainty. Crisis of finance would make a great loss once spread rapidly. Bank industry can be depressing while economy recession, then debts and mortgage challenging the foreign companies. During the last economy crisis, Sony Company reduced the staffrimmer at a number of 10,600 around. Sony first established its branch office in Beijing, China in the year of 1996.Since the company already had a far-spread reputation, brand effect was its strength to open the market of China. And Sony had accumulated fairly enough capital by the end of 20th century after decades of development and expansion. At that time, Chinese government executed positive policy on introducing foreign capital, such as tax preference and concessional debts, which greatly supported Sony to set the branch office in the format of foreign-owned enterprise with confidence. However, there is always an unpredictable and essential factor that may influence its sales in mainland.Challenges came and went following the complex relationship between China and Japanese. Recently, it is reported that sales volume of Sony products in China has an obvious drop-down after the Diaoyu Island Event. Advertising activity was limited in some local TV station, and the public called for boycott of Japanese products. All these made the sales volume of Sony decreasing. In view of this condition, Sony Company continue focusing on product quality and carry out necessary promotion campaign.According to top manager, they insist of positive attitude towards further development in China. Analysis on Socio-Cultural Aspect Socio-culture is one of the crucial factors which will largely affect development of a company. In this part, we will discuss the social-culture problems in Sony. Sony Enterprise Culture As is known to all, Sony Corporation ( ) , commonly referred to as Sony, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate co rporation headquartered in Konan Minato, which established in 1946, Tokyo, Japan.As a Japanese enterprise, it has a wealth of enterprise culture. The first one is that Sony’s founder not only knew the importance of science and technology, but also determined the declaration when the company was founded, â€Å"the company’s aim is to rapidly progress the war a variety of techniques are applied to the national life to†, â€Å"in a timely manner to all universities and research results into products and commodities†. In addition, they also vigorously introduce foreign advanced technology.The second one is that, in order to give full play to the enthusiasm and pioneering spirit, Sony launched a unique personnel system, which allows and encourages people â€Å"volunteered† to apply for various research and development projects according to their interests, hobbies and expertise. Sony believes that those who are not complacent, do not stick to convention s, jump around in the various research groups are most likely to develop a new tech or product. The third one is that, innovation is an important part of Sony’s corporate culture, as well as the key to success.The company founder once said:† Sony’s success is due to the innovation in science, technology, management, marketing and other aspects. † Now Sony develops about 1,000 new products, an average of every working day 4 species. The last one is that, Sony keeps the faith† love and respect each other†. All the employees ranging from director to humble workers are equal. During working time, they all wear the same jackets, just like a harmonious family. Sony’s Executives do not have their own office. They work with others together.So everyone can get on well with each other in a very short time. I think this kind of enterprise culture largely determines the success of Sony. The employee will feel relax in such culture environment instead of feeling nervous. So they can work more efficiently and have more room to innovate. But there are also some discordant parts. As Sony is a Japanese company, they usually start their work early while the Europeans do not like to work before 10. 00 a. m. This will cause â€Å"culture shock† when the Sony approaching to the world market.Adapt to European market In order to foray into the European market, Sony created a joint venture named Sony Ericsson. They use global localization strategy to adapt to the whole world, especially to European market. They established their factory in America, Europe, southeast Asia and so on to realized the localization production. The localization production realized localization management. Sony employed the local talents with high management skills. I think the global localization strategy has its two sides. There are several advantages.The one is, due to this strategy, they will hire the local people. Generally, the local people know more detail. So they can help the enterprise adapt itself to local culture and environment. Secondly, this strategy can ease and avoid political risk, desalinate host country residents for the joint venture of foreign capital impression. On the contrary, this strategy will cause technical secret problems. It is hard to guarantee that not let out any secret though the sharing of technical knowledge. Secondly, there will have some coordination problems between subsidiary and parent company.It seems to be impossible to reconcile the subsidiary’s target with parent company’s target. Finally, this strategy needs more capital and resource. So it will suffer a higher risk. Conclusion Through the analysis we have done, we present the worries about Sony’s future development. Although its shared working place and enthusiastic company culture are impressing that shows the respect of equality and the concern of individuals, the lacking sense of fashionable technology will not sm ooth the development way of Sony.Its high quality control spirit will appeal to the frequent and honest customers, but the imitators and the allure of competitive prices will finally take away Sony’s customer base. In addition, the stressful political relationship between China and Japan will influence the choice of electronic consumption in China so that Sony had better seek a boarder market to maintain its sales and work harder on nurturing its product identify.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Can the animal testing done to find cures for diseases be done Essay

Can the animal testing done to find cures for diseases be done humanely or is it by nature inhumane - Essay Example animal testing because much more relaxed standards on what a researcher could do to his animal were in place that allowed for very torturous acts to be undertaken in the name of science. It is extreme cases like that which prompt modern opposition to animal testing. However, research institutions much more tightly regulate live animal testing today in order to protect the interests of animals when they are being tested, and there is no reason to believe that animal testing cannot be conducted in a humane fashion. Animal testing endures a great number of regulations in order to protect the interests of animals. At Stanford University, scientists adhere to the Animal Welfare Act and must submit proposals for how they will use their animals in experimentation. This requires a researcher to think beforehand about the best way to use his animal resources to achieve his intended outcome, and this allows other scientists to criticize that method if it is cruel. Scientists also sit down to discuss concepts of cruelty and the appropriate use of animals in a laboratory (Stanford News Service). With grant money depending on these scientists’ abilities to understand and apply these concepts of humane treatment, there is a strong incentive to treat animals with a measure of respect they have not been given in centuries prior. The Canadian Council on Animal Care proposes additional practical ways in which animal tested can be conducted humanely, summarized as the â€Å"three R’s† (CCAC). The first â€Å"R† refers to â€Å"replacement,† or the preferred use of an inanimate system or model instead of a live animal model. Cell and tissue cultures are sometimes even better than a full-scale live animal model because there are fewer variables to consider. â€Å"Reduction† is the second â€Å"R,† which means decreasing the number of animals used in experimentation. This is a good scientific practice anyway, regarding the number of confounding genetic variables that may arise in a

Tuesday, October 8, 2019

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Assignment Example The payoff for SS will be .1 and .03, if it chooses to reduce the price in conjunction with two different strategies by SIA. Ans 3) Yes there exists Nash equilibrium (Non-cooperative equilibrium) as the firms will not cooperate or collude as there can be no legally binding contract among them to keep the prices same and in absence of which each firm would fear that even if keeping price normal offers highest pay out overall and higher than what they would get in case they don’t cooperate, the other firm may cut the price an take the market share away from the firm keeping price normal. Thus both firm fearing this would play safe and reduce the price. The combination of these two price cutting strategy by both the firm will entail a Nash equilibrium which is represented in cell D. Ans 4) No they are not likely to achieve their best outcome which would have been in cell C and B for SIA and SS respectively. In fact they would have been happier in cell A also but the irony is, fearing that they might be suckered by their competitor, they will avoid reaching such outcome and settle for the one that offers them utmost safety and not payoff. Ans 5) Repeated games can be classified in two categories finitely repeated and infinitely repeated. In the former case the number of games is fixed and each player is aware of such number, while in the latter the number of such repetition is not known. In repeated games the firms may achieve cooperative equilibrium as each firm can punish the other one for suckering it in the next game and thus â€Å"Tit for tat† plays out which leads to cooperation in repeated games. Each firm over a period builds a reputation and they start trusting each other. But in case of finite games the theoretical understanding says they will not cooperate as in the last game both would like to defect and since in the last game no cooperation is expected in the second last game both would also like to defect and working backwards in